Michael Fighting
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"Michael…who   standeth  for…thy  people," —  Dan. 12:1-12
PROOFS OF THE VALIDITY OF ELECTION OF DAVID BAWDEN AS POPE MICHAEL ON JULY 16, 1990

A more detailed explanation is being prepared here.

Prayer to the Holy Ghost for guidance is strongly recommended.

This is a simple process.  All of this is summarized in a downloadable ebook, Truth Is One.  Also a document Where is the Catholic Church covers this in order. In order to cover this briefly, allow us a simple outline with reference to the appropriate pages on this website:
I. The Papacy was vacant on July 16, 1990.
A. Angelo Roncalli was a Heretic prior to his apparent election as John XXIII-II in 1958.
B. A heretic CANNOT become Pope.
C. Further John the Baptist Montini was a heretic prior to his apparent election in 1963.
D. Also Charles (Karol) Wojtyla was a heretic prior to his apparent election in 1978.
Therefore the Papacy was vacant on July 16, 1990
II. The Cardinals had all defected from the Catholic Faith by July 16, 1990
A. First of all, only a Pope (Pius XII) can validly appoint Cardinals.
B. Only one Cardinal remained alive on July 16, 1990, Emile Cardinal Leger, a notorious modernist.
C. Since modernism is a heresy, according to Catholic Church Law, Leger had resigned from the Cardinalate.
D. The claim that Joseph Siri was elected in 1963 need not be considered, since he died on May 2, 1989
Therefore the ordinary electors of the Pope were not available.
III. It is a matter of Catholic Faith that there will be a Pope until the end of time. 
Thirdly, likewise, with a firm faith I believe that the Church, guardian and mistress of the revealed word, was instituted proximately and directly by the true and historical Christ Himself, while he sojourned among us, and that the same was built upon Peter, the chief of the apostolic hierarchy, and his successors until the end of time. Oath Against the Errors of Modernism (DZ 2145)
The ONLY Vatican Council (DZ 1825): If anyone then says that it is not from the institution of Christ the Lord Himself, or by divine right that the blessed Peter has perpetual successors in the primacy over the universal Church, or that the Roman Pontiff is not the successor of the blessed Peter in the same primacy, let him be anathema.
IV. Therefore the Church in this extraordinary case must find a way to elect a Pope.
A. Only Catholics may vote.
B. Traditionalists are not Catholic, therefore they cannot vote.
C. Those who subject themself to the usurpers in Rome (i.e. John XXIII-II Benedict XVI) are schismatic and therefore cannot vote.
D. Those who have departed the Church can return to the Church by Professing their Faith and obedience to the Church, Her Laws and the Pope to be elected.
V. It is a matter of fact that on July 16, 1990, the Catholic Church proceeded to elect a Pope in accord with the spirit of the Doctrines and Laws of the Catholic Church.
This can be demonstrated by looking at the various reports of the Papal Election, the supporting documents, etc.
A. Will the Catholic Church Survive the Twentieth Century? was published on January 25, 1990 to call for a Papal Election and sent to every sede vacantist in the world that could be found.
B. Prior to this the idea of a Papal Election was circulated by many Catholics as a solution to the Modernist Apostasy in Rome.
C. Election Update was also circulated to cover further details on the Papal Election.
D. Further proof is provided in a Chronological Summary.
Therefore David Bawden was validly elected Pope Michael on July 16, 1990.

Pope Pius XII on October 5, 1957 in an audience on the lay apostolate confirmed: Even if a layman were elected pope, he could accept the election only if he were ready and willing to be ordained.  But the power to teach and govern, as well as the divine gift of infallibility, would be granted to him from the very moment he accepted election, even before his ordination. 

It would be good to study the Doctrine of the Papacy.

History provides us with precedents upon which the 1990 Papal Election was based.
1. A two thirds majority is now required.
2. The first elected in time has the right to the Papacy, unless he is a schismatic, heretic or apostate, for the latter cease to be Catholics and thus are no longer papabile.
3. When the Cardinals fail to proceed, the laity may urge them to proceed.  If they fail to exist, then the Church as a whole can proceed to an election.
4. Prior to the election a summons was sent to those expressing any interest in a Papal Election, as well as others.

It is recommended that all read the summary of the effects of heresy as presented in the infallible Bull Cum Ex Apostolatus Officio to understand the extent of the crisis. 
It was determined that all Catholics in the free world had fallen at least into material schism and heresy by their association for a time with the Novus Ordo and/or Traditionalist Churches.
Because of the impossibility of having the excommunication absolved by either the Roman Pontiff or the Local Ordinary as required by canon 2314, another method of reconciliation was proposed and followed
Prior to proceeding to a papal Election Teresa Benns, assisted by David Bawden wrote Will the Catholic Church Survive the Twentieth Century?  This book demonstrated that the papacy was vacant, addressing not only the usurpation by Angelo Roncalli and his successors, but also all other claimants to the Papacy
On July 15, all present made the Profession of Faith as required and on July 16, assembled for the election.  (For more details please look at the chronology of events.)








Please also see the page of Papal Election Proofs

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